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During World War One, there was virtually no female presence in the Canadian armed forces, with the exception of the 3,141 nurses serving both overseas and on the home front. [51] Of these women, 328 had been decorated by King George V, and 46 gave their lives in the line of duty. [51]
Most important, the morale of the women remained high, as millions joined the Red Cross as volunteers to help soldiers and their families, and with rare exceptions, the women did not protest the draft. [57] [58] The Department of Labor created a Women in Industry group, headed by prominent labor researcher and social scientist Mary van Kleeck. [59]
The Food Administration helped housewives prepare more nutritious meals with less waste and with optimum use of the foods available. Most important, the morale of the women remained high, as millions joined the Red Cross as volunteers to help soldiers and their families, and with rare exceptions, the women did not protest the draft. [18] [17]
Austro-Hungarian soldiers executing men and women in Serbia, 1916 [14]. After being occupied completely in early 1916, both Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria announced that Serbia had ceased to exist as a political entity, and that its inhabitants could therefore not invoke the international rules of war dictating the treatment of civilians as defined by the Geneva Conventions and the Hague ...
Since most working age men were joining the military to fight in the war, women were required to take on the factory jobs that were traditionally held by men. [2] By the end of the war, there were almost three million women working in factories, around a third of whom were employed in the manufacture of munitions .
Edith Louisa Cavell (/ ˈ k æ v əl / KAV-əl; 4 December 1865 – 12 October 1915) was a British nurse.She is celebrated for treating wounded soldiers from both sides without discrimination during the First World War and for helping some 200 Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium and return to active service through the spy ring known as La Dame Blanche.
With this expanded horizon of opportunity and confidence and the extended skill base that many women could now give to paid and voluntary employment, women's roles in World War II were even more extensive than in the First World War. [33] By 1945, more than 2.2 million women worked in war industries, especially in munitions plants. [33]
Members of the 1st Russian Women's Battalion of Death with their commander Maria Bochkareva (far right) in 1917. Women's Battalions (Russia) were all-female combat units formed after the February Revolution by the Russian Provisional Government, in a last-ditch effort to inspire the mass of war-weary soldiers to continue fighting in World War I.