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Malonic acid (up to 37.5% w/w) has been used to cross-link corn and potato starches to produce a biodegradable thermoplastic; the process is performed in water using non-toxic catalysts. [ 25 ] [ 26 ] Starch-based polymers comprised 38% of the global biodegradable polymers market in 2014 with food packaging, foam packaging, and compost bags as ...
The increase of lactic and malonic acid drastically lowers blood pH, and causes both lactic and malonic aciduria (acidic urine). It is also speculated that the excess of mitochondrial malonyl-CoA increases the methylmalonic acid level, which is due to an inhibitory effect on the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase .
MCD is involved in regulating cardiac malonyl-CoA levels, inhibition of MCD can limit rates of fatty acid oxidation, leading to a secondary increase in glucose oxidation associated with an improvement in the functional recovery of the heart during ischaemia/reperfusion injury. MCD is a potential novel target for cancer treatment.
Methylmalonic acid is elevated in 90–98% of patients with vitamin B 12 deficiency. It has lower specificity since 20–25% of patients over the age of 70 have elevated levels of methylmalonic acid, but 25–33% of them do not have B 12 deficiency. For this reason, the testing of methylmalonic acid levels is not routinely recommended in the ...
However, methylmalonic acid levels exceed those of malonic acid (MMA/MA >5). [8] [23] By calculating the methylmalonic acid/malonic acid ratio in blood plasma, CMAMMA can be clearly distinguished from a classic methylmalonic acidemia. [1] This is true for both, vitamin B 12 responders and non-responders forms of methylmalonic acidemia. [1]
In the metabolic disease combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA), acyl-CoA synthetase family member 3 (ACSF3) is reduced, which converts toxic methylmalonic acid to methylmalonyl-CoA and thus supplies it to the citric acid cycle. [7] [8] The result is an accumulation of methylmalonic acid.
Diethyl malonate, also known as DEM, is the diethyl ester of malonic acid. It occurs naturally in grapes and strawberries as a colourless liquid with an apple-like odour, and is used in perfumes. It is also used to synthesize other compounds such as barbiturates, artificial flavourings, vitamin B 1, and vitamin B 6.
A notable method for synthesizing acetamidomalon ester is described in a 1950 patent, [1] which cites a procedure previously featured in Organic Syntheses. [2] The synthesis procedure involves the preparation of malonic acid diethyl ester in acetic acid combined with sodium nitrite (NaNO 2), resulting in diethyl isonitrosomalonate (also known as α-oximinomalonic acid diethyl ester).