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A fractional laser delivers laser light to the skin. Hundreds or thousands of laser pinpoints may be used per square inch, leaving healthy skin between the ablated areas. Complications observed in a study of 961 treatments included acne and herpes outbreaks. [6] There have been anecdotal negative accounts of bad scarring and hyperpigmentation. [7]
The time duration (pulse duration) of the laser energy must be very short, so that the tattoo pigment is heated to fragmentation temperature before its heat can dissipate to the surrounding skin. Otherwise, heating of the surrounding tissue can cause burns or scars. For laser tattoo removal, this duration should be on the order of nanoseconds.
Intense pulsed light (IPL) is a technology used by cosmetic and medical practitioners to perform various skin treatments for aesthetic and therapeutic purposes, including hair removal, photorejuvenation (e.g. the treatment of skin pigmentation, sun damage, and thread veins) as well as to alleviate dermatologic diseases such as acne.
[27] [28] [29] While used off-label for male pattern hair loss in most of the world, dutasteride is specifically approved for this indication in South Korea and Japan. [30] [31] There is tentative support for spironolactone in women. [14] Due to its feminising side effects and risk of infertility it is not often used by men.
One of the first published articles describing laser hair removal was authored by the group at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1998. [2] [3] Laser hair removal is widely practiced in clinics, and even in homes using devices designed and priced for consumer self-treatment. Many reviews of laser hair removal methods, safety, and efficacy have ...
Changes in pigmentation frequently occur following thermal burns and freezing. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation is prevalent in minor burns, but postinflammatory hypopigmentation can occur in severe burns. [6] In addition, postinflammatory hypopigmentation is another potential side effect of chemical peels.
Laser surgery is a type of surgery that cuts tissue using a laser in contrast to using a scalpel. [ 1 ] Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications in humans ( general surgery , neurosurgery , ENT , dentistry , orthodontics , [ 2 ] and oral and maxillofacial surgery ) as well as veterinary [ 3 ] surgical fields.
Laser ablation or photoablation (also called laser blasting [1] [2] [3]) is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates .