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That unmitigated risk is then compared against a tolerable risk target. The difference between the unmitigated risk and the tolerable risk, if the unmitigated risk is higher than tolerable, must be addressed through risk reduction of provided by the SIF. This amount of required risk reduction is correlated with the SIL target.
An SIS performs a safety instrumented function (SIF). The SIS is credited with a certain measure of reliability depending on its safety integrity level (SIL). The required SIL is determined from a quantitative process hazard analysis (PHA), such as a Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA). The SIL requirements are verified during the design ...
In electrical engineering, a dielectric withstand test (also pressure test, high potential test, hipot test, or insulation test) is an electrical safety test performed on a component or product to determine the effectiveness of its insulation. The test may be between mutually insulated sections of a part, or energized parts and ground.
Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In a static electric field , it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to move a positive test charge from the first point to the second point.
The stress intensity factor at the crack tip of a compact tension specimen is [4] = [() / / + / / + /] where is the applied load, is the thickness of the specimen, is the crack length, and is the effective width of the specimen being the distance between the centreline of the holes and the backface of the coupon.
The electric potential and the magnetic vector potential together form a four-vector, so that the two kinds of potential are mixed under Lorentz transformations. Practically, the electric potential is a continuous function in all space, because a spatial derivative of a discontinuous electric potential yields an electric field of impossibly ...
The Galvani potential difference is not directly measurable using voltmeters. The measured potential difference between two metal electrodes assembled into a cell does not equal the difference of the Galvani potentials of the two metals (or their combination with the solution Galvani potential) because the cell needs to contain another metal-metal interface, as in the following schematic of a ...
The Volta potential (also called Volta effect, [1] Volta potential difference, contact potential difference, outer potential difference, Δψ, or "delta psi") in electrochemistry, is the electrostatic potential difference between two metals (or one metal and one electrolyte) that are in contact and are in thermodynamic equilibrium.