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Indirect seasonal adjustment is used for large components of GDP which are made up of many industries, which may have different seasonal patterns and which are therefore analyzed and seasonally adjusted separately. Indirect seasonal adjustment also has the advantage that the aggregate series is the exact sum of the component series.
The seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR) is a rate that is adjusted to take into account typical seasonal fluctuations in data and is expressed as an annual total. SAARs are used for data affected by seasonality , when it could be misleading to directly compare different times of the year.
Seasonally adjust the series again with the new seasonal factors. Calculate the final trend and irregular components from the seasonally adjusted series. The method also includes a number of tests, diagnostics and other statistics for evaluating the quality of the seasonal adjustments.
Likewise, seasonal differencing is applied to a seasonal time-series to remove the seasonal component. From the perspective of signal processing, especially the Fourier spectral analysis theory, the trend is a low-frequency part in the spectrum of a series, while the season is a periodic-frequency part.
In time series data, seasonality refers to the trends that occur at specific regular intervals less than a year, such as weekly, monthly, or quarterly. Seasonality may be caused by various factors, such as weather, vacation, and holidays [1] and consists of periodic, repetitive, and generally regular and predictable patterns in the levels [2] of a time series.
Inflation numbers are often seasonally adjusted to differentiate expected cyclical cost shifts. For example, home heating costs are expected to rise in colder months, and seasonal adjustments are often used when measuring inflation to compensate for cyclical energy or fuel demand spikes.
The author of the Wall Street Journal article, Heather Haddon, didn't reply to my inquiry about why she appeared to use non-seasonally adjusted figures when the adjusted figures were more appropriate.
In chemistry, IUPAC changed its definition of standard temperature and pressure in 1982: [1] [2] Until 1982, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 atm (101.325 kPa).