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The Office for National Statistics (ONS) estimated that, in 2012, 101,000 Romanian-born people were resident in the UK. [16] By 2019, this estimate had risen to 427,000. [17] This estimate fell to 345,000 in 2020. [18] The 2021 census recorded 530,320 Romanian-born people resident in England, 8,520 in Wales, [19] and 6,612 in Northern Ireland. [20]
Romani people have been recorded in the United Kingdom since at least the early 16th century. There are estimated to be around 225,000 Romani people residing in the UK. This includes the Romanichal, Kale (Welsh Roma), Scottish Lowland Roma and a sizeable population of Roma from Central and Eastern Europe, who immigrated into the UK in the late 1990s/early 2000s and after EU expansion in 2004.
While Romani migrants from mainland Europe arrived in the UK in small numbers during the 19th and 20th centuries, [5] the level of immigration increased following the fall of the Berlin Wall, especially with the gradual accession of Eastern European countries to the EU and EU freedom of movement. [26]
Italy is the most common destination for Romanian emigrants, with over one million Romanians living there.. In 2006, the Romanian diaspora was estimated at 8 million people by then President of Romania, Traian Băsescu, most of them living in the former USSR, Western Europe (esp. Italy, Spain, Germany, United Kingdom, France, and Austria), North America (Canada and the United States), South ...
A 2014 King's College London report, which examined the insights and challenges into the rapidly increasing various Eastern European ethnic groups in the UK education system, found that "Young people from Eastern Europe are seen as a new ‘Other’, both by the white majority and more established minority ethnic groups." [2]
There is a sizable Romani minority in Romania, known as Ţigani in Romanian and, recently, as Rromi, of 621,573 people or 3.3% of the total population (2011 census), although the Council of Europe estimates the figure to be 1.85 million people or 8.32% of the population. [127]
The migration of the Romani people through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe. The key shows the century of arrival in that area, e.g., S.XII is the 12th century. Romani people first arrived in Europe via the Balkans sometime between the 9th and 14th centuries from north India, through Iran, Armenia, and Anatolia. [33] [34] [35]
Approximately 5–7 million Muslim migrants from the Balkans (from Bulgaria 1.15 million-1.5 million; Greece 1.2 million; Romania, 400,000; Former Yugoslavia, 800,000), Russia (500,000), the Caucasus (900,000 of whom 2/3 remained the rest going to Syria, Jordan and Cyprus) and Syria (500,000 mostly as a result of the Syrian Civil War) arrived ...