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Organ trade (also known as the blood market or the red market) is the trading of human organs, tissues, or other body products, usually for transplantation. [1] [2] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), organ trade is a commercial transplantation where there is a profit, or transplantations that occur outside of national medical systems.
If the organ donor is human, most countries require that the donor be legally dead for consideration of organ transplantation (e.g. cardiac death or brain death). For some organs, a living donor can be the source of the organ. For example, living donors can donate one kidney or part of their liver to a well-matched recipient. [2]
While it’s illegal in the U.S. to sell organs for transplants, there is nothing to stop the sale of human remains for education or research. In this void, the national body trade has flourished ...
The National Organ Transplant Act (NOTA) of 1984 is an Act of the United States Congress that created the framework for the organ transplant system in the country. [1] The act provided clarity on the property rights of human organs obtained from deceased individuals and established a public-private partnership known as Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN).
A body broker (also non-transplant tissue banks) is a firm or an individual that buys and sells cadavers or human body parts.. Whereas the market for organ transplantation is heavily regulated in the United States, the use of cadaver parts for research, training, and other uses is not.
If science advances to the point where animal organs are a readily available option for human transplants, it could prevent countless deaths worldwide every year.
In the United Kingdom, the Human Organ Transplants Act 1989 first made organ sales illegal, and has been superseded by the Human Tissue Act 2004. In 2007, two major European conferences recommended against the sale of organs. [69]
The government's response also stated that China prohibits the sale of human organs and requires written consent of the donor—claims which Kilgour and Matas say are belied by the evidence. [ 31 ] From 2006 to 2008, two UN Special Rapporteurs made repeated requests to the Chinese government to respond to allegations about Falun Gong prisoners ...