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  2. Rate making - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_making

    To meet the objective of rate adequacy, the rates should be responsive over time in comparison with changing economic conditions and loss exposures. Finally, to reduce the frequency and severity of losses, the rating system should encourage loss control activities. Loss control is important in insurance because it tends to keep insurance ...

  3. Treble damages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treble_damages

    In United States law, treble damages is a term that indicates that a statute permits a court to triple the amount of the actual/compensatory damages to be awarded to a prevailing plaintiff. Treble damages are usually a multiple of, rather than an addition to, actual damages, but on occasion they are additive, as in California Civil Code § 1719.

  4. Increased limit factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Increased_limit_factor

    An increased limit factor (ILF) at limit L relative to basic limit B can be defined as = + + + + + + ()where ALAE is the allocated loss adjustment expense provision, ULAE is the unallocated loss adjustment expense provision, and RL is the risk load provision.

  5. Ogden tables - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogden_tables

    If the loss does not start until some time in the future, then you can combine Table 27 and Table 28 to give an overall multiplier. For example a loss over a period of 15 years that starts in 10 years time would have a Table 27 multiplier of 0.7812 and a Table 28 multiplier of 12.54 giving an overall multiplier of 9.80.

  6. Multiplier (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplier_(economics)

    In macroeconomics, a multiplier is a factor of proportionality that measures how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable. For example, suppose variable x changes by k units, which causes another variable y to change by M × k units.

  7. Current Expected Credit Losses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_Expected_Credit_Losses

    Current Expected Credit Losses (CECL) is a credit loss accounting standard (model) that was issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board on June 16, 2016. [1] CECL replaced the previous Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) accounting standard. The CECL standard focuses on estimation of expected losses over the life of the loans ...

  8. Ramsey problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey_problem

    The Ramsey problem, or Ramsey pricing, or Ramsey–Boiteux pricing, is a second-best policy problem concerning what prices a public monopoly should charge for the various products it sells in order to maximize social welfare (the sum of producer and consumer surplus) while earning enough revenue to cover its fixed costs.

  9. Hand formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_formula

    This relationship has been formalized by the law and economics school as such: an act is in breach of the duty of care if: > where B is the cost (burden) of taking precautions, and P is the probability of loss (L). L is the gravity of loss. The product of P x L must be a greater amount than B to create a duty of due care for the defendant.