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Insensible fluid loss is the amount of body fluid lost daily that is not easily measured, from the respiratory system, skin, and water in the excreted stool. The exact amount is unmeasurable but is estimated to be between 40 to 800mL/day in the average adult without comorbidities. [2]
Insensible water loss, which includes sweat loss, can vary with environmental conditions (i.e. wind speed, humidity, and sun exposure), activity level, body composition, degree of physical fitness, and other variables (e.g. clothing worn, sweat rate) (19,25,38).
What is 'insensible' water loss? This term refers to water loss due to: Transepidermal diffusion: water that passes through the skin and is lost by evaporation, and; Evaporative water loss from the respiratory tract; It is termed insensible as we are not aware of it.
Sensible losses pertain to conventional forms of excretion, such as urination and defecation, whereas insensible losses pertain to less obvious fluid expenditure, including sweating and respiratory evaporation.
Insensible loss: 600–900 mL (lungs and skin). (With fever, each degree above 98.6°F [37°C] adds 2.5 mL/kg/d to insensible losses; insensible losses are decreased if a patient is undergoing mechanical ventilation; free water gain can occur from humidified ventilation.)
Definition: Insensible fluid loss is the continuous, unnoticed loss of water from the body that occurs through non-visible routes, primarily the skin and respiratory system. Significance: Insensible fluid loss plays a vital role in maintaining fluid balance within the body.
Respiratory loss is an insensible loss. This is water that is used to humidify inspired air and is then breathed out as water vapor. What is the other major insensible route of water loss?
As the major element of fluid compartments in the body, water makes up approximately 60% of body weight. Gender, age, physical activity, and adiposity are pertinent factors that may alter this percentage. In the body, water subdivides between extracellular (33%) and intracellular (67%) spaces.
Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
This total insensible weight loss includes the weight of carbon dioxide produced minus that of oxygen consumed as well as the weight of water evaporated from the skin and respiratory passages. Between one third and one half of the total amount may represent water lost with the expired air.