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Following independence, the term was normally used to distinguish indigenous Indonesians from citizens of foreign descent (especially Chinese Indonesians). Common usage distinguished between pribumi and non-pribumi. [5] Although the term is sometimes translated as "indigenous", it has a broader meaning than that associated with Indigenous peoples.
There are more than 600 ethnic groups [1] in the multicultural Indonesian archipelago, making it one of the most diverse countries in the world. The vast majority of these belong to the Austronesian peoples, concentrated in western and central Indonesia (), with a sizable minority are Melanesian peoples concentrated in eastern Indonesia ().
The culture of Indonesia (Indonesian: Budaya Indonesia) has been shaped by the interplay of indigenous customs and diverse foreign influences. With over 600 distinct ethnic groups , including significant Austronesian and Melanesian cultures, contributing to its rich traditions, languages , and customs, Indonesia is a melting pot of diversity.
As of 2020, Indonesians make up 3.4% of the world's total population and Indonesia is the fourth most populous country after China, India and the United States.. Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since the 1967, [55] for the decade ending in 2020, Indonesia's population growth was 1.1 percent.
The new classification categorized 1,331 coded ethnicities from the census into more than 600 groups instead of just 31 in the initial classification, [4] completely dissolved the placeholder "ethnic groups from X" categories to better capture the diversity of Indonesia's ethnic demography, [5] corrected misplaced groups and subgroups, [6] and ...
According to the official Indonesian national linguistic data, there are at least 428 living languages (and 37 Papua-based isolate languages) natively spoken by the Papuans in Indonesia alone, [9] making it the most linguistically diverse community in Indonesia. Many of these languages are non-Austronesian hence called Papuan languages by ...
M. Ma'anyan people; Madurese people; Makassar people; Malay Indonesians; Malays (ethnic group) Mandailing people; Mandarese people; Manggarai people; Mante people
This was a difficult balance because while the names were changed, laws continued to identify them as 'different' from indigenous Indonesian groups. Indonesian businessman, Liem Sioe Liong, for example, had his name changed to Sudono Salim. Some people did not change their names (e.g., Kwik Kian Gie, Liem Swie King, etc.).