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Judicial economy or procedural economy [1] [2] [3] is the principle that the limited resources of the legal system or a given court should be conserved by the refusal to decide one or more claims raised in a case.
Gregory v. Helvering, 293 U.S. 465 (1935), was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court concerned with U.S. income tax law. [1] The case is cited as part of the basis for two legal doctrines: the business purpose doctrine and the doctrine of substance over form.
Case law, also used interchangeably with common law, is a law that is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law based on constitutions, statutes, or regulations. Case law uses the detailed facts of a legal case that have been resolved by courts or similar tribunals. These past decisions are called ...
Legal proceeding is an activity that seeks to invoke the power of a tribunal in order to enforce a law. Although the term may be defined more broadly or more narrowly as circumstances require, it has been noted that "[t]he term legal proceedings includes proceedings brought by or at the instigation of a public authority, and an appeal against the decision of a court or tribunal". [1]
Not every case decided by a higher court results in the publication of an opinion; in fact, many cases do not, since an opinion is often published only when the law is being interpreted in a novel way, or the case is a high-profile matter of general public interest and the court wishes to make the details of its ruling public.
Legal research is the process of identifying and retrieving information to support legal arguments and decisions. [1] Finding relevant legal information can be challenging and may involve the use of electronic research tools as well as printed books and materials.
Landmark court decisions, in present-day common law legal systems, establish precedents that determine a significant new legal principle or concept, or otherwise substantially affect the interpretation of existing law. "Leading case" is commonly used in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth jurisdictions instead of "landmark case", as used ...
In the United States the "American rule" is generally followed, each party bearing its own expense of litigation. However, 35 U.S.C. § 285 provides that in patent cases, the losing party may have to pay attorney fees of the winning party if the case is deemed "exceptional." However, after the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Octane Fitness, LLC v.