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  2. Famine scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_scales

    "Scarcity" was defined as three successive years of crop failure, crop yields of one-third or one-half normal, and large populations in distress. "Famine" further included a rise in food prices above 140% of "normal", the movement of people in search of food, and widespread mortality. The Punjab Food Code stated, "Imminence of death is the sole ...

  3. Normal distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution

    The simplest case of a normal distribution is known as the standard normal distribution or unit normal distribution. This is a special case when μ = 0 {\textstyle \mu =0} and σ 2 = 1 {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}=1} , and it is described by this probability density function (or density): φ ( z ) = e − z 2 2 2 π . {\displaystyle \varphi (z ...

  4. Self-similarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-similarity

    Scale invariance is an exact form of self-similarity where at any magnification there is a smaller piece of the object that is similar to the whole. For instance, a side of the Koch snowflake is both symmetrical and scale-invariant; it can be continually magnified 3x without changing shape. The non-trivial similarity evident in fractals is ...

  5. Binet-Simon Intelligence Test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binet-Simon_Intelligence_Test

    Binet, Alfred; Simon, Th. (1916), "Application of the new methods to the diagnosis of the intellectual level among normal and subnormal children in institutions and in the primary schools (L'Année Psych., 1905, pp. 245-336).", The development of intelligence in children (The Binet-Simon Scale)., Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co, pp. 91– 181 ...

  6. Torino scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torino_scale

    The Torino scale is defined only for potential impacts less than 100 years in the future. "For an object with multiple potential collisions on a set of dates, a Torino scale value should be determined for each date. It may be convenient to summarize such an object by the greatest Torino scale value within the set." [2]

  7. Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_Opiate_Withdrawal...

    The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is a method used by registered practitioners to measure the severity of a patient's opioid withdrawal symptoms. This method consists of a series of 11 topics each comprising 4–5 common symptoms experienced by a patient undergoing opioid withdrawal. In each topic a rank is given depending on what the ...

  8. Palermo scale - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo_scale

    The Palermo scale was devised for astronomers to compare impact hazards at a technical level, rather than for the general public. [2] It was adopted at the meeting of the Working Group on Near-Earth Objects of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space which was held in Palermo, Italy, on June 11–16, 2001.