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Earth's magnetic field deflects most of the solar wind, whose charged particles would otherwise strip away the ozone layer that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. [4] One stripping mechanism is for gas to be caught in bubbles of the magnetic field, which are ripped off by solar winds. [5]
Study of Earth's magnetosphere began in 1600, when William Gilbert discovered that the magnetic field on the surface of Earth resembled that of a terrella, a small, magnetized sphere. In the 1940s, Walter M. Elsasser proposed the model of dynamo theory, which attributes Earth's magnetic field to the motion of Earth's iron outer core.
The magnetosphere of Jupiter is the cavity created in the solar wind by Jupiter's magnetic field.Extending up to seven million kilometers in the Sun's direction and almost to the orbit of Saturn in the opposite direction, Jupiter's magnetosphere is the largest and most powerful of any planetary magnetosphere in the Solar System, and by volume the largest known continuous structure in the Solar ...
These magnetic fields are a hundred million times stronger than any man-made magnet, [11] and about a trillion times more powerful than the field surrounding Earth. [12] Earth has a geomagnetic field of 30–60 microteslas, and a neodymium-based, rare-earth magnet has a field of about 1.25 tesla, with a magnetic energy density of 4.0 × 10 5 J/m 3.
A bowling ball made of neodymium-iron-boron (strongest grade) 10 6: 5 × 10 6 m 2 ⋅A [10] Any magnet able to produce 1 tesla one metre away from its centre 10 19: 4 × 10 19 m 2 ⋅A [11] Magnetic field of Mercury: 10 20: 1.32 × 10 20 m 2 ⋅A [11] Magnetic field of Ganymede: 10 22: 6.4 × 10 22 m 2 ⋅A [12] Earth's magnetic field 10 24: 2 ...
Magnetic north versus ‘true north’ At the top of the world in the middle of the Arctic Ocean lies the geographic North Pole, the point where all the lines of longitude that curve around Earth ...
Neutrinos are electrically neutral, undisturbed by even the strongest magnetic field, and rarely interact with matter. As neutrinos travel through space, they pass unimpeded through matter - stars ...
The initial theory proposed in 2014 was that—due to the tilt in Earth's magnetic field axis—the planet's rotation generated an oscillating, weak electric field that permeates through the entire inner radiation belt. [26] A 2016 study instead concluded that the zebra stripes were an imprint of ionospheric winds on radiation belts. [27]