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The physical layer is responsible for physical transmission of the data, link encapsulation allows local area networking, IP provides global addressing of individual computers, and TCP selects the process or application (i.e., the TCP or UDP port) that specifies the service such as a Web or TFTP server. [7]
Data processing by two communicating OSI-compatible devices proceeds as follows: The data to be transmitted is composed at the topmost layer of the transmitting device (layer N) into a protocol data unit (PDU). The PDU is passed to layer N−1, where it is known as the service data unit (SDU).
The OSI Model is a 7 layer model [6] describing how a network operating system works. A layered model has many benefits [ 7 ] including the ability to change one layer without impacting the others and as a model for understanding how a network OS works.
The flag is used to perform high-level data link synchronization which indicates the beginning and end of the frame with the unique pattern 01111110. To ensure that the 01111110 pattern does not appear somewhere inside the frame, bit stuffing and destuffing procedures are used. Address Field. Each address field may occupy either octet 2 to 3 ...
OSI model Layer Protocol data unit (PDU) Function [3] Host layers 7 Application: Data: High-level protocols such as for resource sharing or remote file access, e.g. HTTP. 6 Presentation: Translation of data between a networking service and an application; including character encoding, data compression and encryption/decryption: 5 Session
The jam signal or jamming signal is a signal that carries a 32-bit binary pattern sent by a data station to inform the other transmitting stations of the collision and that they must not transmit. [9] [10] The maximum jam-time is calculated as follows: The maximum allowed diameter of an Ethernet installation is limited to 232 bits. This makes a ...
Space Data Link Protocol, one of the norms for Space Data Link from the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems; STP Spanning Tree Protocol; Split multi-link trunking Protocol; Token Ring a protocol developed by IBM; the name can also be used to describe the token passing ring logical topology that it popularized.
In the OSI model of computer networking, a frame is the protocol data unit at the data link layer. Frames are the result of the final layer of encapsulation before the data is transmitted over the physical layer. [1] A frame is "the unit of transmission in a link layer protocol, and consists of a link layer header followed by a packet."