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The BMW active steering system consists principally of a power-assisted rack and pinion steering gear, a double planetary gear system in the steering column, and an electric actuating motor. [ 1 ] The double planetary gear system incorporates an input sun gear connected to the driver’s steering wheel, two planetary gears, an output sun gear ...
The M3 model (designated F80) was introduced in 2014 and is powered by the S55 twin-turbocharged straight-six engine. In March 2019, the BMW 3 Series (G20) was released as the successor to the F30. [6] The F34 Gran Turismo fastback model continued to be available until early 2020, [7] and was replaced by the BMW 4 Series Gran Coupé (G26) in ...
The E30 was the first 3 Series to be available in wagon and 4-door sedan body styles. It was also the first 3 Series to offer a diesel engine, and all-wheel drive was introduced to the 3 Series range with the 325iX model. The BMW Z1 roadster was based on the E30 platform. The first BMW M3 was built on the E30 platform.
In the following years, the availability of xDrive increased throughout the model range, and it is currently available on most models. The first BMW M models to use xDrive were the 2009 E70 X5M and E71 X6M models. The first non-SUV BMW M model to not be rear-wheel drive was the 2017 F90 M5, which was only available with xDrive. [17]
A steering column may also perform the following secondary functions: energy dissipation management in the event of a frontal collision; provide mounting for: the multi-function switch, column lock, column wiring, column shroud(s), transmission gear selector, gauges or other instruments as well as the electro motor and gear units found in EPAS and SbW systems;
A steering wheel (also called a driving wheel, a hand wheel, or simply wheel) is a type of steering control in vehicles. Steering wheels are used in most modern land vehicles, including all mass-production automobiles , buses, light and heavy trucks, as well as tractors and tanks .
The third generation of the BMW 3 Series range of compact executive cars is designated under the model code E36, and was produced by the German automaker BMW from 1990 to 2000. The initial models were of the four-door saloon body style, followed by the coupé, convertible, wagon ("Touring"), and eventually hatchback (" Compact ").
Power steering is a system for reducing a driver's effort to turn a steering wheel of a motor vehicle, by using a power source to assist steering. [1]Hydraulic or electric actuators add controlled energy to the steering mechanism, so the driver can provide less effort to turn the steered wheels when driving at typical speeds, and considerably reduce the physical effort necessary to turn the ...