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Blinatumomab linking a T cell to a malignant B cell. Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE). [7] It enables a patient's T cells to recognize malignant B cells. A molecule of blinatumomab combines two binding sites: a CD3 site for T cells and a CD19 site for the target B cells. CD3 is part of the T cell receptor.
Blinatumomab: Treatment of CD19-positive Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the consolidation phase of multiphase chemotherapy in people aged one month of age and older [2] Budesonide: For twelve weeks of treatment in people aged eleven years of age and older with eosinophilic esophagitis [2]
Therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive monoclonal antibodies are clones of a single parent cell. When used as drugs, the International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) end in -mab.
Brentuximab vedotin [6] consists of the chimeric monoclonal antibody brentuximab (cAC10, which targets the cell-membrane protein CD30) linked with maleimide attachment groups, cathepsin-cleavable linkers (valine-citrulline), and para-aminobenzylcarbamate spacers to three to five units of the antimitotic agent monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE, reflected by the 'vedotin' in the drug's name). [7]
Two dose levels were evaluated--an initial dose of 1.4 mg/m2/cycle in 12 participants and 1.8 mg/m2/cycle in 41 participants. [8] Premedications included methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg (maximum of 50 mg), an antipyretic, and an antihistamine. [8] Participants received a median of 2 cycles of therapy (range: 1 to 4 cycles). [8]
Numerous TKIs aiming at various tyrosine kinases have been generated by the originators of these compounds and proven to be effective anti-tumor agents and anti-leukemic agents. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Based on this work imatinib was developed against chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) [ 6 ] and later gefitinib and erlotinib aiming at the EGF receptor.
Belantamab mafodotin was evaluated in DREAMM-2 (NCT 03525678), an open-label, multicenter trial. [5] Participants received either belantamab mafodotin, 2.5 mg/kg or 3.4 mg/kg intravenously, once every three weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Ponatinib in indicated for the treatment of adults with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia. [4]In March 2024, the FDA expanded the indication to include the treatment, with chemotherapy, for adults with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia.