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A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules. One or more lung nodules can be an incidental finding found in up to 0.2% of chest X-rays [3] and around 1% of CT ...
The location of the lesions is mostly in the upper lobes of the lungs, usually in a lymphatic distribution. Thickening of the pleura and interlobular septal is also evident. In addition, pleural/pericardial effusions and mediastinal fat infiltration is appreciated. Definitive diagnosis is achieved through tissue biopsy. [1]
In contrast a large pleural effusion, or the presence of a significant amount of fluid in the pleural space, may be a sign of active TB at any age. Solitary calcified nodules or granuloma - Discrete calcified nodule or granuloma, or calcified lymph node. The calcified nodule can be within the lung, hila, or mediastinum.
The presence of a pleural effusion argues against pneumocystis pneumonia. Reticular (linear) pattern (sometimes called "reticulonodular" because of the appearance of nodules at the intersection of the lines, even though there are no true nodules present) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; connective tissue disease; sarcoidosis; radiation fibrosis ...
Embryologically, it arises from an anomalous lateral course of the azygos vein, [3] in a pleural septum within the apical segment of the right upper lobe or in other words an azygos lobe is formed when the right posterior cardinal vein, one of the precursors of the azygos vein, fails to migrate over the apex of the lung and penetrates it ...
Sagittal reformat from a CT scan of the chest showing air crescent sign in a patient with invasive fungal infection. There is a rounded cavity in the apical right upper lobe, with a non-dependant soft-tissue nodule within it. Also there is some subtle ground-glass opacity surrounding the lesion.
For uncomplicated silicosis, chest x-ray will confirm the presence of small (< 10 mm) nodules in the lungs, especially in the upper lung zones. Using the ILO classification system, these are of profusion 1/0 or greater and shape/size "p", "q", or "r". Lung zone involvement and profusion increases with disease progression.
Lung cancer, also known as lung carcinoma, is a malignant tumor that begins in the lung.Lung cancer is caused by genetic damage to the DNA of cells in the airways, often caused by cigarette smoking or inhaling damaging chemicals.