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In fine-needle aspiration (FNA) smears, only 57% of cases show ductal carcinoma and metaplastic components. Consequently, roughly half of MBC tumors cannot be diagnosed by FNA. Pathologic tissue diagnosis is therefore essential to distinguish MBC from other breast cancers in order to institute proper and prompt treatment.
Breast cancer classification divides breast cancer into categories according to different schemes criteria and serving a different purpose. The major categories are the histopathological type, the grade of the tumor, the stage of the tumor, and the expression of proteins and genes.
This is a list of major breast cancer cell lines that are primarily used in breast cancer research. [Notes 1] List of cell lines. Cell line Primary tumor
M8525/3 Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma Terminal duct adenocarcinoma; M8530/3 Inflammatory carcinoma (C50._) Inflammatory adenocarcinoma; M8540/3 Paget disease, mammary (C50._) Paget disease of breast; M8541/3 Paget disease and infiltrating duct carcinoma of breast (C50._) M8542/3 Paget disease, extramammary (except Paget disease of bone)
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
G (1–4): the grade of the cancer cells (i.e. they are "low grade" if they appear similar to normal cells, and "high grade" if they appear poorly differentiated) S (0–3): elevation of serum tumor markers; R (0–2): the completeness of the operation (resection-boundaries free of cancer cells or not) Pn (0–1): invasion into adjunct nerves
The rate of death due to breast carcinoma was also influenced by grade, with 90% occurring in 40, 13, and 8 years among patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 tumors, respectively.” [12] [30] Immunohistochemistry of breast cancer (Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast) assayed with anti HER-2 (ErbB2) antibody.
The basal-like carcinoma is a recently proposed subtype of breast cancer defined by its gene expression and protein expression profile. [1]Breast cancer can be divided into five molecular subtypes, including luminal subtype A, luminal subtype B, normal breast-like subtype, HER-2 overexpression subtype, and basal-like subtype. [2]