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In parallel to albuminuria in 1936, discussion on renal lesions observed in patients with diabetes led to the description, by Kimmelstiel and Wilson, of the characteristic nodular fibrotic observed in the diabetic glomeruli (Kimmelstiel and Wilson, 1936b). Kimmelstiel and Wilson introduced the term diabetic nephropathy (DN) to define a clinical ...
Other symptoms include tiredness, headaches, a general feeling of illness, nausea, vomiting, frequent daytime urination, lack of appetite, itchy skin, and leg swelling. [2] The clinical presentation of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by proteinuria (protein in the urine), hypertension and progressive loss of kidney function.
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), also known as Nora's lesion, [4] is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor belonging to the group of cartilage tumors. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 5 ] It is generally seen in the tubular bones of the hands and feet , [ 6 ] where it presents with a rapidly enlarging painless lump in a finger or toe.
Symptoms may include: [citation needed] Pain that may occur at the site of the tumor if the tumor is very large, or if the affected bone has weakened causing a fracture of the affected bone; Enlargement of the affected finger; Slow bone growth in the affected area; The symptoms of enchondroma may resemble other medical conditions or problems.
A hand imitating an ulnar claw. The metacarpophalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th fingers are extended and the Interphalangeal joints of the same fingers are flexed.. An ulnar claw, also known as claw hand or Spinster’s Claw, is a deformity or an abnormal attitude of the hand that develops due to ulnar nerve damage causing paralysis of the lumbricals.
Knuckle pads are benign subcutaneous fibrotic nodules that are seen in the finger joints and/or the extensor area of the foot. [6] [7] [8] From a clinical perspective, these are well-defined, non-compressible, freely moveable lesions that resemble warts and primarily affect the dorsal portion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and, less frequently, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints.
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No cure for dermatomyositis is known, but the symptoms can be treated. Options include medication, physical therapy, exercise, heat therapy (including microwave and ultrasound), orthotics and assistive devices, and rest. The standard treatment for dermatomyositis is a corticosteroid drug, given either