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A simple chart for classifying the main star types using Harvard classification In astronomy , stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Electromagnetic radiation from the star is analyzed by splitting it with a prism or diffraction grating into a spectrum exhibiting the rainbow of colors ...
Galaxy color–magnitude diagram – Chart depicting the relationship between brightness and mass of large star systems Hayashi track – Luminosity–temperature relationship in stars Henyey track – path taken by pre-main-sequence stars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
As this is the core temperature of a star with about 1.5 M ☉, the upper main sequence consists of stars above this mass. Thus, roughly speaking, stars of spectral class F or cooler belong to the lower main sequence, while A-type stars or hotter are upper main-sequence stars. [ 16 ]
A good example is Plaskett's star, a close binary consisting of two O type giants both over 50 M ☉, temperatures over 30,000 K, and more than 100,000 times the luminosity of the Sun (L ☉). Astronomers still differ over whether to classify at least one of the stars as a supergiant, based on subtle differences in the spectral lines. [4]
The surface temperature of a main sequence star is determined by the rate of energy production of its core and by its radius, and is often estimated from the star's color index. [169] The temperature is normally given in terms of an effective temperature , which is the temperature of an idealized black body that radiates its energy at the same ...
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Representative lifetimes of stars as a function of their masses The change in size with time of a Sun-like star Artist's depiction of the life cycle of a Sun-like star, starting as a main-sequence star at lower left then expanding through the subgiant and giant phases, until its outer envelope is expelled to form a planetary nebula at upper right Chart of stellar evolution
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