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Wagner's law, also known as the law of increasing [a] state activity, [2] is the observation that public expenditure increases as national income rises. [3] It is named after the German economist Adolph Wagner (1835–1917), who first observed the effect in his own country and then for other countries.
Expectation states theory is a social psychological theory first proposed by Joseph Berger and his colleagues that explains how expected competence forms the basis for status hierarchies in small groups. The theory's best known branch, status characteristics theory, deals with the role that certain pieces of social information (e.g., race ...
State autonomy theorists believe that the state is an entity that is impervious to external social and economic influence and that it has interests of its own. [ 133 ] "New institutionalist" writings on the state, such as the works of Theda Skocpol , suggest that state actors are to an important degree autonomous.
Left-libertarian minarchists justify the state as a temporary measure on the grounds that social safety net benefits the working class. Some anarchists, such as Noam Chomsky , are in agreement with social democrats on the importance of welfare measures, but prefer using non-state methods. [ 14 ]
Historical science views state-building as a complex phenomenon, influenced by various contributing factors (geopolitical, economic, social, cultural, ethnic, religious) and analyzes those factors and their mutual relations from the perspective of a particular historical situation, that is characteristic of every state-building process.
Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, according to Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.
The political state everywhere needs the guarantee of spheres lying outside it. [1] He as yet was saying nothing about the abolition of private property, does not express a developed theory of class, and "the solution [he offers] to the problem of the state/civil society separation is a purely political solution, namely universal suffrage ...
A Personal practice model (PPM) is a social work tool for understanding and linking theories to each other and to the practical tasks of social work. Mullen [1] describes the PPM as “the art and science of social work”, or more prosaically, “an explicit conceptual scheme that expresses a worker's view of practice”. A worker should ...