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2. R-colored vowel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-colored_vowel

   An r-colored or rhotic vowel (also called a retroflex vowel, vocalic r, or a rhotacized vowel) is a vowel that is modified in a way that results in a lowering in frequency of the third formant. [1] R-colored vowels can be articulated in various ways: the tip or blade of the tongue may be turned up during at least part of the articulation of the ...

3. Erhua - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erhua

   Additionally, some words may sound unnatural without rhotacization, as is the case with 花 or 花儿 (huā or huār 'flower'). [11] In these cases, the erhua serves to label the word as a noun (and sometimes a specific noun among a group of homophones). Since in modern Mandarin many single-syllable words (in which there are both nouns and ...

4. Rhoticity in English - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhoticity_in_English

   [a] When an r is at the end of a word but the next word begins with a vowel, as in the phrase "better apples," most non-rhotic speakers will preserve the /r/ in that position (the linking R), because it is followed by a vowel. [5] The rhotic dialects of English include most of those in Scotland, Ireland, the United States, and Canada.

5. North American English regional phonology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_American_English...

   The r-colored vowel of cart is back and often rounded [kɒt], and not fronted as it famously is in Boston. New York City and its surrounding areas are also known for a complicated [ citation needed ] short- a split into lax [æ] versus tense [eə] , so that words, for example, like cast , calf , and cab have a different, higher, tenser vowel ...

6. English-language vowel changes before historic /r/ - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-language_vowel...

   The major exceptions to most of the Nurse mergers are Scottish English and older Irish English, which also do not have mergers of vowels before /r/ following another vowel. What Scottish and older Irish English have in common is rhoticity without r-colored vowels, meaning that /r/ is used at the end of a syllable.

7. Rhotic consonant - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_consonant

   Similarly, Danish /r/ after a vowel is, unless followed by a stressed vowel, either pronounced (mor "mother" , næring "nourishment" [ˈneːɐ̯e̝ŋ]) or merged with the preceding vowel while usually influencing its vowel quality (/a(ː)r/ and /ɔːr/ or /ɔr/ are realised as long vowels and , and /ər/, /rə/ and /rər/ are all pronounced ...