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The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
structures of the cardiovascular system, including the heart and great vessels, which include the thoracic aorta, the pulmonary artery and all its branches, the superior and inferior vena cava, the pulmonary veins, and the azygos vein; structures of the respiratory system, including the diaphragm, trachea, bronchi and lungs [1]
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a species of bacteria known to cause the disease porcine enzootic pneumonia, a highly contagious and chronic disease affecting pigs. [2] As with other mollicutes, M. hyopneumoniae is small in size (400–1200 nm), has a small genome (893–920 kilo-base pairs (kb)) and lacks a cell wall. [3]
External view of a fetal pig. Fetal pigs are unborn pigs used in elementary as well as advanced biology classes as objects for dissection.Pigs, as a mammalian species, provide a good specimen for the study of physiological systems and processes due to the similarities between many pig and human organs.
Gas exchange is the physical process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface. For example, this surface might be the air/water interface of a water body, the surface of a gas bubble in a liquid, a gas-permeable membrane, or a biological membrane that forms the boundary between an organism and its extracellular environment.
The respiratory system is the (anatomical) biological system of any organism that engages in metabolic gas exchange. Even plants have respiratory systems, taking in carbon dioxide and emitting oxygen. This category covers the structure of respiratory systems.
The tracheal system branches into progressively smaller tubes, here supplying the crop of the cockroach. Scale bar, 2 mm. The word trachea is used to define a very different organ in invertebrates than in vertebrates. Insects have an open respiratory system made up of spiracles, tracheae, and tracheoles to transport metabolic gases to and from ...
Respiratory physiology is the biological function of metabolic gas exchange. The complementary category for the anatomical structure of respiratory systems is Category:Respiratory system. The complementary category for the anatomical structure of respiratory systems is Category:Respiratory system.