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The Standard Carrier Alpha Code, a two-to-four letter identification, is used by the transportation industry to identify freight carriers in computer systems and shipping documents such as Bill of Lading, Freight Bill, Packing List, and Purchase Order.
An electronic bill of lading (or eB/L) is the legal and functional equivalent of a paper bill of lading. [27] An electronic bill of lading must replicate the core functions of a paper bill of lading, [28] namely its functions as a receipt, as evidence of or containing the contract of carriage and as a document of title. [citation needed]
In general, a bill of lading serves as a legal instrument focusing on and documenting such issues as ownership, whereas a cargo manifest is often more concerned with physical aspects of the cargo, such as weight and size. When the cargo is being shipped by several different shipping companies on the same vessel, there will usually be separate ...
An air waybill (AWB), also known as an air consignment note, is a type of bill of lading. By accepting a shipment, an IATA cargo agent is acting on behalf of the carrier whose air waybill is issued. Air waybills have eleven digit numbers, called AWB numbers, which can be used to make bookings, check the status of delivery, and a current ...
The Electronic Cargo Tracking Note (ECTN) is a maritime certificate or waiver that is essential for exports to the majority of African countries. [1] It acts as a vital document for both importers and exporters within Africa , necessitating its presentation to customs officials .
The Bills of Lading Act 1855 (18 & 19 Vict. c. 111) was commendably brief and proved useful, but as time went by certain defects became apparent. [3]The English courts devised some ways round the problem: in Brandt v Liverpool (1924) [4] [5] the concept of implied contracts was developed, although the courts proved reluctant to use this concept. [6]
In transportation, cargo refers to goods transported by land, water or air, while freight refers to its conveyance. In economics, freight refers to goods transported at a freight rate for commercial gain.
The Uniform Bills of Lading Act was adopted in 1909 and passed by the U.S. Uniform Law Commission.The act addressed the judicial and legislative treatment of issues such as the extent of the carrier's liability to the consignee of the goods or to the buyer of the bill of lading based upon the carrier's issuance of the bill. [1]