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The cooling period is reproduced by current (1999 on) global climate models that include the physical effects of sulfate aerosols, and there is now general agreement that aerosol effects were the dominant cause of the mid-20th century cooling. At the time there were two physical mechanisms that were most frequently advanced to cause cooling ...
The KLT-40S variant is used in the Russian floating nuclear power station Akademik Lomonosov. It was developed by OKBM Afrikantov and produced by NMZ. The KLT-40S produces 150 MW thermal (about 52 MWe at 35% efficiency). It uses low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel enriched below 20%, averaging at 14.1% enrichment, and has a fuel cycle of 3 years. [3]
Schematic view of the cooling system and turbogenerators of a RBMK power plant. Circulation system of the RBMK illustrating the Steam separators (red), Pumps (yellow) and pipe network. The reactor has two independent cooling circuits, each having four main circulating pumps (three operating, one standby) that service one half of the reactor.
The first large peat-fired thermal power station in Russia was built on a location about 80 km away from Moscow, in the place of the current city of Elektrogorsk, during 1912-1914. It was called Elektroperedacha (literally " electric power transmission "), and the settlement around the station (future Elektrogorsk) acquired this name ...
A passive heat removal system had been added to the existing active systems in the AES-92 version of the VVER-1000 used for the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in India. This has been retained for the newer VVER-1200 and future designs. The system is based on a cooling system and water tanks built on top of the containment dome. [33]
Pool type sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) A sodium-cooled fast reactor is a fast neutron reactor cooled by liquid sodium.. The initials SFR in particular refer to two Generation IV reactor proposals, one based on existing liquid metal cooled reactor (LMFR) technology using mixed oxide fuel (MOX), and one based on the metal-fueled integral fast reactor.
Lake Karachay (Russian: Карача́й), sometimes spelled Karachai or Karachaj, was a small lake in the southern Ural Mountains in central Russia.Starting in 1951, the Soviet Union used Karachay as a dumping site for radioactive waste from Mayak, the nearby nuclear waste storage and reprocessing facility, located near the town of Ozyorsk (then called Chelyabinsk-40).
The ionocaloric refrigeration cycle is a cutting-edge cooling technology that offers high efficiency and zero global warming potential.This novel cycle utilizes the ionocaloric effect, which is driven by an electrochemical field, to achieve significant adiabatic temperature changes and isothermal entropy changes.