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"An effective vaccine usually requires more than one time immunization in the form of prime-boost. Traditionally the same vaccines are given multiple times as homologous boosts. New findings suggested that prime-boost can be done with different types of vaccines containing the same antigens. In many cases such heterologous prime-boost can be ...
1964 American "Wellbee" poster promoting booster vaccines. A booster dose is an extra administration of a vaccine after an earlier dose. After initial immunization, a booster provides a re-exposure to the immunizing antigen. It is intended to increase immunity against that antigen back to protective levels after memory against that antigen has ...
Prednisolone is a synthetic pregnane corticosteroid closely related to its cognate prednisone, having identical structure save for two fewer hydrogens near C 11. It is also known as δ 1 -cortisol , δ 1 -hydrocortisone , 1,2-dehydrocortisol , or 1,2-dehydrohydrocortisone , as well as 11β,17α,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione .
A prodrug is a pharmacologically inactive medication or compound that, after intake, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. [1] [2] Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug can be used to improve how the drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted ().
Prednisone is a synthetic glucocorticoid used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. [36] [37] Prednisone is a prodrug; it is metabolised in the liver by 11-β-HSD to prednisolone, the active drug. Prednisone has no substantial biological effects until converted via hepatic metabolism to prednisolone. [38]
The ACIP was established in March 1964 by the US Surgeon General to assist in the prevention and control of communicable diseases, [2] it recommends licensed new vaccines to be incorporated into the routine immunization schedule, recommends vaccine formulations, and reviews older vaccines to consider revising its recommendations.
The sublingual route may also be used for vaccines against various infectious diseases. Thus, preclinical studies have found that sublingual vaccines can be highly immunogenic and may protect against influenza virus [4] [5] and Helicobacter pylori, [6] but sublingual administration may also be used for vaccines against other infectious diseases.
A Med-E-Jet vaccination gun from 1980. A jet injector, also known as a jet gun injector, air gun, or pneumatic injector, is a medical instrument that uses a high-pressure jet of liquid medication to penetrate the skin and deliver medication under the skin without a needle.