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The blind loop syndrome may produce deficiency of vitamin B 12 or folate. Inadequate use of vitamin B 12, which may occur if antimetabolites for the vitamin are employed in the treatment of neoplasia; Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of vitamin B 12 deficiency. [17]
Pernicious anemia was a fatal disease before about the year 1920; until the importance of the liver in hematopoiesis was recognized, the treatment of pernicious anemia was unsuccessful and arbitrary. It may have motivated George Whipple , who had a keen interest in liver diseases , to investigate the liver's role in hematopoiesis.
In 1934, George Whipple shared the 1934 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with William P. Murphy and George Minot for discovery of an effective treatment for pernicious anemia using liver concentrate, later found to contain a large amount of vitamin B 12. [144] [146]
Despite the low amounts absorbed, oral vitamin B 12 therapy is effective at reducing symptoms of pernicious anemia. [22] Vitamin B 12 can also be given sublingually, but there is no evidence that this route of administration is superior to the oral route, [23] and only Canada and Sweden routinely prescribe this route of administration. [20]
Cyanocobalamin is a form of vitamin B 12 used to treat and prevent vitamin B 12 deficiency except in the presence of cyanide toxicity. [7] [8] [2] The deficiency may occur in pernicious anemia, following surgical removal of the stomach, with fish tapeworm, or due to bowel cancer. [9] [5] It is used by mouth, by injection into a muscle, or as a ...
Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia in adults, which results from malabsorption of vitamin B 12 due to a lack or loss of intrinsic factor. [2] [8] There are relatively few studies which have assessed the impact of haematological measures in response to B 12 supplementation.
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Methylcobalamin physically resembles the other forms of vitamin B 12, occurring as dark red crystals that freely form cherry-colored transparent solutions in water. Methylcobalamin can be produced in the laboratory by reducing cyanocobalamin with sodium borohydride in alkaline solution, followed by the addition of methyl iodide .
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