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  2. Tawhid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhid

    Islamization of knowledge. v. t. e. Tawhid[a] (Arabic: تَوْحِيد‎, romanized: tawḥīd, lit. 'oneness [of God]') is the concept of monotheism in Islam. [2] Tawhid is the religion's central and single most important concept, upon which a Muslim's entire religious adherence rests.

  3. Islamic view of the Trinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_view_of_the_Trinity

    Islamic view of the Trinity. A drawing of the phrase "There is no god except God." In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity states that God is a single essence in which three distinct hypostases ("persons"): the Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit, exist consubstantially and co-eternally as a perichoresis. Islam considers the concept of any ...

  4. Shirk (Islam) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirk_(Islam)

    The word shirk comes from the Arabic root sh - r - k (ش ر ك), with the general meaning of 'to share'. [ 10 ] In the context of the Quran, the particular sense of 'sharing as an equal partner' is usually understood, so that polytheism means 'attributing a partner to God'. In the Quran, shirk and the related word mushrikūn (مشركون ...

  5. Abrahamic religions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrahamic_religions

    Usage. [edit] The term Abrahamic religions (and its variations) is a collective religious descriptor for elements shared by Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. [ 9 ] It features prominently in interfaith dialogue and political discourse, but also has entered Academic discourse. [ 10 ][ 11 ] However, the term has also been criticized to be ...

  6. Criticism of the Quran - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran

    t. e. The Quran is viewed to be the scriptural foundation of Islam and is believed by Muslims to have been sent down by God (Arabic: الله, romanized:Allah) and revealed to Muhammad by the angel Jabreel (Gabriel). The Quran has been subject to criticism both in the sense of being the subject of an interdisciplinary field of study where ...

  7. Four Dissertations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Dissertations

    Hume argues that a crude polytheism was the earliest religion of mankind and locates the origins of religion in emotion, particularly hope, fear, and the desire to control the future. He further argues that monotheism arises from competition between religions, as believers seek to distinguish their deities as superior to all rivals, magnifying ...

  8. Islam and modernity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_modernity

    e. Islam and modernity is a topic of discussion in contemporary sociology of religion. The history of Islam chronicles different interpretations and approaches. Modernity is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon rather than a unified and coherent one.

  9. Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam

    Islam[ a ] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians. [ 9 ]