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Cognitive impairment is an inclusive term to describe any characteristic that acts as a barrier to the cognition process or different areas of cognition. [1] Cognition, also known as cognitive function, refers to the mental processes of how a person gains knowledge, uses existing knowledge, and understands things that are happening around them using their thoughts and senses. [2]
t. e. Cognitive disorders (CDs), also known as neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. Neurocognitive disorders include delirium, mild neurocognitive disorders, and major neurocognitive disorder (previously ...
Intellectual disability. Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom [ 3 ]) and formerly mental retardation (in the United States [ 4 ]), [ 5 ][ 6 ] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first ...
Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is a syndrome characterized by developmentally-inappropriate, impairing and persistent levels of decoupled attentional processing from the ongoing external context and resultant hypoactivity. Symptoms often manifest in difficulties with staring, mind blanking, withdrawal, mental confusion and maladaptive ...
Barriers at the micro level include the child's physical limitations (motor, sensory and cognitive impairments) or their subjective feelings regarding their ability to participate. [187] For example, the child may not participate in group activities due to lack of confidence. Second, barriers at the meso level include the family and community ...
[7] [8] Dyscalculia does not reflect a general deficit in cognitive abilities or difficulties with time, measurement, and spatial reasoning. [9] [10] Estimates of the prevalence of dyscalculia range between 3 and 6% of the population. [9] [10] In 2015 it was established that 11% of children with dyscalculia also have ADHD. [11]
"One fairly common feature of cognitive impairments in children with specific learning disorders is a significant and long-lasting tendency to struggle with temporal notions and representations, such as situating themselves in time, in all its dimensions (hours, days, weeks, etc….)." [7]
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a neurocognitive disorder which involves cognitive impairments beyond those expected based on an individual's age and education but which are not significant enough to interfere with instrumental activities of daily living. [ 1 ] MCI may occur as a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia ...