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Cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is a syndrome characterized by developmentally-inappropriate, impairing and persistent levels of decoupled attentional processing from the ongoing external context and resultant hypoactivity. Symptoms often manifest in difficulties with staring, mind blanking, withdrawal, mental confusion and maladaptive ...
t. e. Cognitive disorders (CDs), also known as neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem-solving. Neurocognitive disorders include delirium, mild neurocognitive disorders, and major neurocognitive disorder (previously ...
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom [ 3 ]) and formerly mental retardation (in the United States [ 4 ]), [ 5 ][ 6 ] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.
Nonverbal learning disorder. Nonverbal learning disorder (NVLD or NLD) is a proposed category of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core deficits in non-verbal skills, especially visual-spatial processing. People with this condition have normal or advanced verbal intelligence and significantly lower nonverbal intelligence. [3]
In psychology and neuroscience, executive dysfunction, or executive function deficit, is a disruption to the efficacy of the executive functions, which is a group of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes. [ 1 ] Executive dysfunction can refer to both neurocognitive deficits and behavioural symptoms.
Test anxiety. Test anxiety is a combination of physiological over-arousal, tension and somatic symptoms, along with worry, dread, fear of failure, and catastrophizing, that occur before or during test situations. [1] It is a psychological condition in which people experience extreme stress, anxiety, and discomfort during and/or before taking a ...
Researchers now sometimes use the terms "math dyslexia" or "math learning disability" when they mention the condition. [71] Cognitive disabilities specific to mathematics were originally identified in case studies with patients who experienced specific arithmetic disabilities as a result of damage to specific regions of the brain.
from birth. Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) [1] is a historic psychiatric diagnosis first defined in 1980 that has since been incorporated into autism spectrum disorder in the DSM-5 (2013). According to the earlier DSM-IV, PDD-NOS referred to "mild or severe pervasive deficits in the development of reciprocal ...