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The mechanism for base-catalyzed aldol condensation can be seen in the image below. A mechanism for aldol condensation in basic conditions, which occurs via enolate intermediates and E1CB elimination. The process begins when a free hydroxide (strong base) strips the highly acidic proton at the alpha carbon of the aldehyde.
The aldol reaction (aldol addition) is a reaction in organic chemistry that combines two carbonyl compounds (e.g. aldehydes or ketones) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound. Its simplest form might involve the nucleophilic addition of an enolized ketone to another: These products are known as aldols, from the ald ehyde + alcoh ol, a ...
Henry reaction. The Henry reaction is a classic carbon–carbon bond formation reaction in organic chemistry. Discovered in 1895 by the Belgian chemist Louis Henry (1834–1913), it is the combination of a nitroalkane and an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a base to form β-nitro alcohols. [1][2][3] This type of reaction is also referred ...
The reaction mechanism of the Biginelli reaction is a series of bimolecular reactions leading to the desired dihydropyrimidinone. [14]According to a mechanism proposed by Sweet in 1973 the aldol condensation of ethylacetoacetate 1 and the aryl aldehyde is the rate-limiting step leading to the carbenium ion 2.
The oxygen anion in this aldol-like product then S N 2 attacks on the formerly-nucleophilic halide-bearing position, displacing the halide to form an epoxide. [2] This reaction sequence is thus a condensation reaction since there is a net loss of HCl when the two reactant molecules join. [7] Arrow-pushing mechanism for the Darzens reaction.
Condensation reaction. In organic chemistry, a condensation reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two molecules are combined to form a single molecule, usually with the loss of a small molecule such as water. [1] If water is lost, the reaction is also known as a dehydration synthesis. However other molecules can also be lost, such as ...
The Perkin reaction is an organic reaction developed by English chemist William Henry Perkin that is used to make cinnamic acids.It gives an α,β-unsaturated aromatic acid or α-substituted β-aryl acrylic acid by the aldol condensation of an aromatic aldehyde and an acid anhydride, in the presence of an alkali salt of the acid.
Claisen–Schmidt condensation. In organic chemistry, the Claisen–Schmidt condensation is the reaction between an aldehyde or ketone having an α-hydrogen with an aromatic carbonyl compound lacking an α-hydrogen. It can be considered as a specific variation of the aldol condensation. This reaction is named after two of its pioneering ...