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A microscope image of an integrated circuit die used to control LCDs.The pinouts are the dark circles surrounding the integrated circuit.. An integrated circuit (IC), also known as a microchip, computer chip, or simply chip, is a small electronic device made up of multiple interconnected electronic components such as transistors, resistors, and capacitors.
The first planar monolithic integrated circuit (IC) chip was demonstrated in 1960. The idea of integrating electronic circuits into a single device was born when the German physicist and engineer Werner Jacobi developed and patented the first known integrated transistor amplifier in 1949 and the British radio engineer Geoffrey Dummer proposed to integrate a variety of standard electronic ...
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit used in a variety of timer, delay, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. It is one of the most popular timing ICs due to its flexibility and price. Derivatives provide two (556) or four (558) timing circuits in one package. [ 2 ] The design was first marketed in 1972 by Signetics [ 3 ][ 4 ] and ...
Integrated circuit design involves the creation of electronic components, such as transistors, resistors, capacitorsand the interconnectionof these components onto a piece of semiconductor, typically silicon. A method to isolate the individual components formed in the substrateis necessary since the substrate silicon is conductive and often ...
The MOSFET is the most widely used type of transistor and the most critical device component in integrated circuit (IC) chips. [2] Planar process, developed by Jean Hoerni at Fairchild Semiconductor in early 1959, was critical to the invention of the monolithic integrated circuit chip by Robert Noyce later in 1959.
Before the widespread use of integrated circuits, various solid-state and vacuum-tube logic systems were used but these were never as standardized and interoperable as the integrated-circuit devices. The most common logic family in modern semiconductor devices is metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) logic, due to low power consumption, small ...
Common analog circuits include amplifiers and oscillators. Circuits that interface or translate between digital circuits and analog circuits are known as mixed-signal circuits. Power semiconductor devices are discrete devices or integrated circuits intended for high current or high voltage applications. Power integrated circuits combine IC ...
A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) or integrated optical circuit is a microchip containing two or more photonic components that form a functioning circuit. This technology detects, generates, transports, and processes light. Photonic integrated circuits use photons (or particles of light) as opposed to electrons that are used by electronic ...
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