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Short title: 13229_2015_21_Article 1..5; Software used: Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 9.1.440/W Unicode: File change date and time: 16:05, 11 May 2015
Sex and gender differences in autism exist regarding prevalence, presentation, and diagnosis. Men and boys are more frequently diagnosed with autism than women and girls. It is debated whether this is due to a sex difference in rates of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or whether females are underdiagnosed.
Some people feel that autism causes them to have a very different understanding of their gender than is expected of them. [29] [30] Some autistic individuals use the term "autigender" to describe the unique experience they have with their sense of gender. [31] Autigender is often incorrectly interpreted as saying that "autism" is one's gender. [30]
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Baron-Cohen and associates assert that E–S theory is a better predictor than gender of who chooses STEM subjects. [5] The E–S theory has been extended into the extreme male brain (EMB) theory of autism and Asperger syndrome, which are associated in the E–S theory with below-average empathy and average or above-average systemising. [6]
Societal and cultural aspects of autism or sociology of autism [1] come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood. [2] The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps: the autism rights movement and the pathology paradigm.
Parents of 1,150 primary school aged children were sent the CAST questionnaire, with 199 responders and 174 taking part in the full data analysis. The results suggested that, compared to other screening tools currently available, the CAST may be useful for identifying children at risk for autism spectrum disorders, in a mainstream non-clinical sample.
Willey's foreword was republished in the publication Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. [7] The book has a section titled Additional Tools for Parents which supports the acronym B.A.L.L.S. B stands for "believing the diagnosis", A for "accepting us for who we are", the first L for like, the second L for love, and S for support. [ 2 ]