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A pulp mill in Rauma, Finland Woodchips for paper production. A pulp mill is a manufacturing facility that converts wood chips or other plant fiber sources into a thick fiber board which can be shipped to a paper mill for further processing. Pulp can be manufactured using mechanical, semi-chemical, or fully chemical methods (kraft and sulfite ...
The Winchester bushel is the volume of a cylinder 18.5 in (470 mm) in diameter and 8 in (200 mm) high, which gives an irrational number, of approximately 2150.4202 cubic inches. [4] The modern American or US bushel is rounded to exactly 2150.42 cubic inches, a difference of less than one part per ten million. [5]
The kraft process (also known as kraft pulping or sulfate process) is a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which consists of almost pure cellulose fibres, the main component of paper. The kraft process involves treatment of wood chips with a hot mixture of water, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and sodium sulfide (Na 2 S), known as white ...
In 1931 the Swedish engineer Arne Asplund filed a patent on a method to defibrate wood chips. [1] As opposed to the Masonite-method, the defibrator-method (also known as the Asplund-method) uses pressurised steam to soften the wood chips, then grinding discs to pull the wood fibres apart. This grinding unit is what Asplund called the defibrator.
The range of prices is typically between US$18 to US$30 per (wet)-ton delivered. [43] In 2006, prices were US$15 and US$30 per wet-ton in the northeast. [44] In the 20 years leading up to 2008, prices have fluctuated between US$60–70/oven-dry metric ton (odmt) in the southern states, and between US$60/odmt and US$160/odmt in the Northwest. [45]
Pulp mills have used black liquor as an energy source since at least the 1930s. [8] Most kraft pulp mills use recovery boilers to recover and burn much of the black liquor they produce, generating steam and recovering the cooking chemicals (sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide used to separate lignin from the cellulose fibres needed for ...
Pulpwood can be defined as timber that is ground and processed into a fibrous pulp. It is a versatile natural resource commonly used for paper-making but also made into low-grade wood and used for chips, energy, pellets, and engineered products.
Mechanical pulping is the process in which wood is separated or defibrated mechanically into pulp for the paper industry. The mechanical pulping processes use wood in the form of logs or chips that are mechanically processes, by grinding stones (from logs) or in refiners (from chips), to separate the fibers.