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Factor XII deficiency is a rare disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. [19] Unlike other clotting factor deficiencies, factor XII deficiency is totally asymptomatic and does not cause excess bleeding. [19] Mice lacking the gene for factor XII, however, are less susceptible to thrombosis. The protein seems to be involved in ...
Over time, methods for testing the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics have developed and changed. [25] Alexander Fleming in the 1920s developed the first method of susceptibility testing. The "gutter method" that he developed was a diffusion method, involving an antibiotic that was diffused through a gutter made of agar. [25]
This test is used to measure the contact activation pathway (intrinsic pathway) and the common pathway of clotting. [7] FXII is a zymogen, which means that it requires processing to attain its catalytic protease activity. Upon binding to surfaces, FXII alters in its conformation, giving it low-level protease activity.
Reporter genes can be used to assay for the activity of a particular promoter in a cell or organism. [23] In this case there is no separate "gene of interest"; the reporter gene is simply placed under the control of the target promoter and the reporter gene product's activity is quantitatively measured.
Other chemotaxis assay techniques. Besides the above-mentioned two most commonly used family of techniques, a wide range of protocols were developed to measure chemotactic activity. Some of them are only qualitative, like aggregation tests, where small pieces of agar or filters are placed onto a slide and accumulation of cells around is measured.
A bioassay is an analytical method to determine the potency or effect of a substance by its effect on living animals or plants (in vivo), or on living cells or tissues (in vitro). [1] [2] A bioassay can be either quantal or quantitative, direct or indirect. [3] If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is quantitative ...
This method, which is commonly used with Mueller–Hinton agar, is used by evenly seeding bacteria over a petri dish and applying an antibiotic treated disk to the top of the agar. By observing the ring formed around the disk formed due to the lack of bacterial growth, the zone of inhibition can be found, which is used to find the ...
The impure sample has lower specific activity because some of the mass is not actually enzyme. If the specific activity of 100% pure enzyme is known, then an impure sample will have a lower specific activity, allowing purity to be calculated and then getting a clear result.