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The formal study of Filipino values has been made difficult by the historical context of the literature in the field. The early scholarship about the Filipino value system lacked clear definitions and organizational frameworks, and were mostly written by foreigners during the Philippines' American colonial period.
Aside from the desire to fulfill an utang na loob being a driving force in the lives of Filipinos, the desire not to be called "walang utang na loob", due to its negative implications, also serves a similar purpose. Gratitude and the desire to fulfill one's obligations go hand in hand with the fear of being called ungrateful and disrespectful.
Utang na loob (Bisayan: utang kabubut-un) is a Filipino cultural trait which, when translated literally, means "a debt of one's inner self ()." [1]Charles Kaut translated the term in 1961 as a "debt of gratitude," [2] [3] while Tomas Andres took his cue from Kaut when he translated it in 1994 as "reciprocity," [3] but Virgilio Enriquez suggests a more accurate translation in combining the ...
Kevin Nadal, a professor of psychology at the City University of New York and author of “Filipino American Psychology,” cited four main cultural values that may affect Filipino Americans ...
Tomas Quintin Donato Andres is a Filipino intercultural consultant, counselor, and pioneer of the Philippine-based management and training system known as Management by Filipino Values. He is also the initiator of the internationally based management and training system known as Management by Humor .
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At the core of Filipino psychology is the value of kapwa, which Enriquez defines as a shared identity or the sharing of one's self with others. [7]The concept of pakikisama is often highlighted within youth groups, Filipino workplaces, and as a nation itself in order to avoid being branded as a mayabang, or as a boastful individual within the group. [2]
The determined, affirmative attitude is reflective of indigenous Filipino value system [9] that leads to free choice, determination and goal achievement, and also a sense of peace: “Bahala na” is a positive value in at least the following situations or circumstances which are beyond one's control: (1) when calamities or accidents occur despite all precautionary measures; (2) when the death ...