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Additionally, they are available in overlapping and non-overlapping configurations, the latter allowing the use of float pans. [2] Walk-behind power trowels are used by an operator walking behind the machine. [3] [4] A power trowel performs the tasks of several hand tools, hand trowel, hand float, darby and concrete float. [5]
A concrete float is a tool used to finish a concrete surface by making it smooth. A float is used after the surface has been made level using a screed . In addition to removing surface imperfections, floating will compact the concrete as preparation for further steps.
The first residential building of slipform construction; erected in 1950 in Västertorp, Sweden, by AB Bygging Later picture of the residential building in Västertorp. Slip forming, continuous poured, continuously formed, or slipform construction is a construction method in which concrete is placed into a form that may be in continuous motion horizontally, or incrementally raised vertically.
It is a non-intrusive method of surveying the sub-surface to investigate underground utilities such as concrete, asphalt, metals, pipes, cables or masonry. [1] This nondestructive method uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave band ( UHF / VHF frequencies) of the radio spectrum , and detects the reflected signals from subsurface structures.
Surface metrology is the measurement of small-scale features on surfaces, and is a branch of metrology. Surface primary form, surface fractality, and surface finish (including surface roughness) are the parameters most commonly associated with the field. It is important to many disciplines and is mostly known for the machining of precision ...
FWD data is most often used to calculate stiffness-related parameters of a pavement structure. The process of calculating the elastic moduli of individual layers in a multi-layer system (e.g. asphalt concrete on top of a base course on top of the subgrade) based on surface deflections is known as "backcalculation", as there is no closed-form solution.
Like other concrete formwork, the forms are filled with concrete in 1-foot to 4-foot high "lifts" to manage the concrete pressure and reduce the risk of blowouts. After the concrete has cured, the forms are left in place permanently to provide a variety of benefits, depending on materials used: Thermal insulation; Soundproofing
Climbing formwork, formwork that climbs up the rising building during the construction; Concrete cover, depth of the concrete between reinforcing steel and outer surface; Precast concrete; Slip forming, construction method in which concrete is poured into a continuously moving form