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The pineapple is an example of a CAM plant.. Crassulacean acid metabolism, also known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions [1] that allows a plant to photosynthesize during the day, but only exchange gases at night.
Maize (Zea mays, Poaceae) is the most widely cultivated C 4 plant.[1]In botany, C 4 carbon fixation is one of three known methods of photosynthesis used by plants. C 4 plants increase their photosynthetic efficiency by reducing or suppressing photorespiration, which mainly occurs under low atmospheric CO 2 concentration, high light, high temperature, drought, and salinity.
C 4 and CAM plants have adaptations that allow them to survive in hot and dry areas, and they can therefore out-compete C 3 plants in these areas. The isotopic signature of C 3 plants shows higher degree of 13 C depletion than the C 4 plants, due to variation in fractionation of carbon isotopes in oxygenic photosynthesis across plant types.
Prime examples of plants employing the CAM mechanism are the pineapple, Agave Americana, and Aeonium haworthii. [12] Although some xerophytes perform photosynthesis using this mechanism, the majority of plants in arid regions still employ the C 3 and C 4 photosynthesis pathways. A small proportion of desert plants even use a collaborated C 3 ...
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a mechanism adopted by cacti and other succulents to avoid the problems of the C 3 mechanism. In full CAM, the stomata open only at night, when temperatures and water loss are lowest. CO 2 enters the plant and is captured in the form of organic acids stored inside cells (in vacuoles).
A C3 plant uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate CO 2 into organic material. A C4 plant prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate CO 2 into four-carbon compounds. A CAM plant uses crassulacean acid metabolism, an adaptation for photosynthesis in arid conditions. C4 and CAM plants have special adaptations ...
About 8,100 plant species use C 4 carbon fixation, which represents about 3% of all terrestrial species of plants. [ 27 ] [ 28 ] All these 8,100 species are angiosperms . C 4 carbon fixation is more common in monocots compared with dicots , with 40% of monocots using the C 4 pathway [ clarification needed ] , compared with only 4.5% of dicots.
The Crassulaceae (/ ˈ k r æ s j uː l eɪ s iː ˌ iː,-s i ˌ aɪ /, from Latin crassus, thick), also known as the crassulas, the stonecrops or the orpine family, are a diverse family of dicotyledon angiosperms primarily characterized by succulent leaves and a form of photosynthesis known as crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), in which plants photosynthesize in the daytime and exchange ...