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The Oil Drum was published by the Institute for the Study of Energy and Our Future, a Colorado non-profit corporation. [2] The site was a resource for information on many energy and sustainability topics, including peak oil, and related concepts such as oil megaprojects, Hubbert linearization, and the Export Land Model.
Calcium carbonate may decompose at around 500 °C (932 °F) through the following reaction: [24] Reaction 5: Hydrogen + calcium carbonate → methane + calcium oxide + water . 4 H 2 + CaCO 3 → CH 4 + CaO + 2 H 2 O. Note that CaO (lime) is not a mineral species found within natural rocks. Whilst this reaction is possible, it is not plausible.
The crude-like oil has high energy density with a lower heating value of 33.8-36.9 MJ/kg and 5-20 wt% oxygen and renewable chemicals. [2] [3] The process has also been called hydrous pyrolysis. The reaction usually involves homogeneous and/or heterogeneous catalysts to improve the quality of products and yields. [1]
Bardi is a researcher on materials for new energy sources, a contributor to the now-defunct website, "The Oil Drum".He is the co-founder and former president of ASPO Italy, a member of the scientific committee of the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas [] (ASPO), [3] a member of the Club of Rome, [4] and author of several books, including The Limits to Growth Revisited.
In the fractionation section the unreacted isobutane is recovered for recycle to the reaction section and remaining hydrocarbons are separated into the desired products. The spent acid is degassed in an acid blowdown drum, waste water pH is adjusted and acid vent streams are neutralized with caustic in a scrubber before being flared.
Petroleum is a non-renewable energy source (also known as a "fossil fuel"), so the efficacy of extraction and refining is important for its continued use; multiple techniques are used to detect and to extract crude oil, based on the source rock it is found in and the type of oil itself. [1]
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Nuclear fusion could replace oil on a global and gradual scale; since the announcement of the first net energy gain in a nuclear fusion reaction by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory on December 13, 2022, [24] a race to develop the nascent technology started, Microsoft was the first company to close a contract for the supply of energy from ...