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Historically A-diaeresis was written as an A with two dots above the letter. A-umlaut was written as an A with a small e written above (Aͤ aͤ): this minute e degenerated to two vertical bars in medieval handwriting (A̎ a̎). In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots.
Umlaut (/ ˈ ʊ m l aʊ t /) is a name for the two dots diacritical mark ( ̈) as used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters ä , ö , and ü ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ).
͘ – a dot above right is used in Pe̍h-ōe-jī; tittle, the superscript dot of the modern lowercase Latin i and j two dots: two overdots ( ̈) are used for umlaut, diaeresis and others; (for example ö) two underdots ( ̤) are used in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and the ALA-LC romanization system
TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION U+2E2A: Po, other Common ⸫ ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION U+2E2B: Po, other Common ⸬ SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION U+2E2C: Po, other Common ⸭ FIVE DOT MARK U+2E2D: Po, other Common ⸮ REVERSED QUESTION MARK U+2E2E: Po, other Common ⸰ RING POINT U+2E30: Po, other Common ⸱ WORD SEPARATOR MIDDLE DOT ...
Syriac uses a two dots above a letter, called Siyame, to indicate that the word should be understood as plural. For instance, ܒܝܬܐ (bayta) means "house", while ܒܝ̈ܬܐ (bayte) means "houses". The sign is used especially when no vowel marks are present, which could differentiate between the two forms.
The only diacritic native to Modern English is the two dots (representing a vowel hiatus): its usage has tended to fall off except in certain publications and particular cases. [3] [a] Proper nouns are not generally counted as English terms except when accepted into the language as an eponym – such as Geiger–Müller tube.
These are usually handwritten on the paper containing the text. Symbols are interleaved in the text, while abbreviations may be placed in a margin with an arrow pointing to the problematic text. Different languages use different proofreading marks and sometimes publishers have their own in-house proofreading marks.
Wikipedia avoids unnecessary capitalization.In English, capitalization is primarily needed for proper names, acronyms, and for the first letter of a sentence. [a] Wikipedia relies on sources to determine what is conventionally capitalized; only words and phrases that are consistently capitalized in a substantial majority of independent, reliable sources are capitalized in Wikipedia.