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ISO/IEC JTC1/SC22/WG5—the official home of Fortran standards; Fortran Standards Documents—GFortran standards; fortran-lang.org (2020). History of FORTRAN and Fortran II—Computer History Museum; Valmer Norrod, et al.: A self-study course in FORTRAN programing—Volume I—textbook, Computer Science Corporation El Segundo, California (April ...
This standard, designated FORTRAN 77, introduced many new statements into the language. In fact, the previous language standard FORTRAN 66 is a very small document and describes, what is in effect, a subset of most implementations of FORTRAN. For example, the WATFIV and WATFOR-11 implementations are based upon the IBM definition of FORTRAN-IV.
As software development shifted from purely procedural programming (such as found in FORTRAN) towards more object-oriented constructs (such as found in C++), it became the practice to write the code for a single (public) class in a single file (the 'one class per file' convention).
Understanding the problem and associated programming requirements is necessary for choosing the language best suited for the solution." [ 17 ] From Meek & Heath: "The essence of the art of choosing a language is to start with the problem, decide what its requirements are, and their relative importance since it will probably be impossible to ...
The additional features of subsequent standards, up to Fortran 2023, are described in the Fortran 2023 standard document, ISO/IEC 1539-1:2023. [2] Some of its new features are still being implemented in compilers. [3] Details can also be found in a range of textbooks, for instance [4] [5] [6] and see the list at Fortran Resources.
One of the major features of FORTRAN 77 was the CHARACTER string data type. Use of this data type dramatically simplified character manipulation in Fortran programs – rendering almost all uses of the Hollerith constant technique obsolete.
For more information on Fortran standards, a number or resources are available, such as the Wikipedia Fortran entry or the Fortran wiki page. The Intel Fortran package included the Intel Array Visualizer, a visualization tool for scientific formats such as FITS and netCDF , which can produce x-y plots, contour plots, and image plots, and save ...
Coarray Fortran (CAF), formerly known as F--, started as an extension of Fortran 95/2003 for parallel processing created by Robert Numrich and John Reid in the 1990s. The Fortran 2008 standard (ISO/IEC 1539-1:2010) now includes coarrays (spelled without hyphen), as decided at the May 2005 meeting of the ISO Fortran Committee; the syntax in the Fortran 2008 standard is slightly different from ...