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With the exception of the Special Criminal Court, all courts exercise both civil and criminal jurisdiction, although when the High Court is exercising its criminal jurisdiction it is known as the Central Criminal Court. The courts apply the laws of Ireland.
The High Court (Irish: An Ard-Chúirt) of Ireland is a court which deals at first instance with the most serious and important civil and criminal cases. When sitting as a criminal court it is called the Central Criminal Court and sits with judge and jury. It also acts as a court of appeal for civil cases in the Circuit Court
The Four Courts and Green Street Court House are still used for civil cases. [3] [4] In a change from previous older courts buildings in Ireland, the building has facilities to hold up to 100 prisoners in the basement, with separate entrances for each court. [3]
The building originally housed four superior courts, of Chancery, King's Bench, Exchequer and Common Pleas, giving the building its name. [3]Under the Supreme Court of Judicature Act (Ireland) 1877, these four courts were replaced by two - the Court of Appeal, presided over by the Lord Chancellor, and the High Court of Justice, headed by the Lord Chief Justice - but the building has retained ...
The Special Criminal Court has been criticised by the Irish Council for Civil Liberties, [8] Amnesty International [9] and the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, [10] for its procedures and for being a special court, which ordinarily should not be used against civilians. Among the criticisms are the lack of a jury, and the increasing ...
The District Court (Irish: An Chúirt Dúiche) is the lowest court in the Irish court system [1] and the main court of summary jurisdiction in Ireland. [2] It has responsibility for hearing minor criminal matters, small civil claims, liquor licensing, and certain family law applications. [3]
After the 1922 creation of the Irish Free State, Green Street housed the Central Criminal Court established by the Courts of Justice Act 1924 to try murder and other serious crimes. Except during the Civil War (1922–23) and the Emergency (1939–45), all death sentences were handed down in Green Street. [12]
The High Court is a court of first instance with general original jurisdiction, hearing the most important cases in civil law and criminal law (in the latter case sitting as the Central Criminal Court). The High Court also acts as an appellate court for cases initially heard before the Circuit Court, a court of limited jurisdiction.