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Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater. Artificial seawater is primarily used in marine biology and in marine and reef aquaria , and allows the easy preparation of media appropriate for marine organisms (including algae , bacteria , plants and animals ).
This series of reactions governs the pH levels in the ocean and also dictates the saturation state of seawater, indicating how saturated or unsaturated the seawater is with carbonate ions. Consequently, the saturation state significantly influences the balance between the dissolution and calcification processes in marine biogenic calcifiers.
This chemical reaction produces carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) which dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3) and a hydrogen ion (H +). The presence of free hydrogen ions (H +) lowers the pH of the ocean, increasing acidity (this does not mean that seawater is acidic yet; it is still alkaline, with a pH higher than 8).
Focused research on oil pollution toxicity to fish began in earnest in 1989, after the Exxon Valdez tanker struck a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska and spilled approximately 11 million gallons of crude oil into the surrounding water. [6] At the time, the Exxon Valdez oil spill was the largest in the history of the United States. [6]
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium ( Na +
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is an organic compound with the formula (CH 3) 3 NO. It is in the class of amine oxides.Although the anhydrous compound is known, trimethylamine N-oxide is usually encountered as the dihydrate.
For the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of seawater and ice, TEOS-10 uses the specific Gibbs potential g(T,P)=G/m, G=F+pV, because the pressure is a more easily measurable property than density in a geophysical context.
The surface seawater layer is influenced by sunlight penetration and circulates rapidly in unison with the seasons and wind patterns to a depth of 250 meters. It supports micro and animal life. The middle layer is DOW, where the water is free of sunlight and life forms. It is characterized not only by its mineral density but cold temperature ...