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Artificial seawater (abbreviated ASW) is a mixture of dissolved mineral salts (and sometimes vitamins) that simulates seawater. Artificial seawater is primarily used in marine biology and in marine and reef aquaria , and allows the easy preparation of media appropriate for marine organisms (including algae , bacteria , plants and animals ).
The equilibria reactions between these species result in the buffering of seawater in terms of the concentrations of hydrogen ions present. [8] The following chemical reactions exhibit the dissolution of carbon dioxide in seawater and its subsequent reaction with water: CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l) ⥨ H 2 CO 3 (aq) H 2 CO 3 (aq) ⥨ HCO 3 − (aq) + H ...
Marine chemistry, also known as ocean chemistry or chemical oceanography, is the study of the chemical composition and processes of the world’s oceans, including the interactions between seawater, the atmosphere, the seafloor, and marine organisms. [2]
Seawater, or sea water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, 35 ppt, 600 mM). This means that every kilogram (roughly one liter by volume) of seawater has approximately 35 grams (1.2 oz) of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium ( Na +
For the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of seawater and ice, TEOS-10 uses the specific Gibbs potential g(T,P)=G/m, G=F+pV, because the pressure is a more easily measurable property than density in a geophysical context.
The oil spill directly affected Atlantic bluefin tuna, as approximately 12% of larval tuna were located in oil-contaminated waters, [9] and Gulf of Mexico is the only known spawning grounds for the western population of bluefin tuna. [7] A decaying fish trapped in oil inside the Bay of Isles, Alaska after the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and introduction to Oceanography.. Thermohaline circulation. Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) 'ocean' and γραφή (graphḗ) 'writing'), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean, including its physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.
Measurement and definition difficulties arise because natural waters contain a complex mixture of many different elements from different sources (not all from dissolved salts) in different molecular forms. The chemical properties of some of these forms depend on temperature and pressure.