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The free and appropriate public education proffered in an IEP need not be the best one that money can buy, [44] nor one that maximizes the child's educational potential. [43] Rather, it need only be an education that specifically meets a child's unique needs, supported by services that permit the child to benefit from the instruction. [43]
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a piece of American legislation that ensures students with a disability are provided with a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that is tailored to their individual needs. IDEA was previously known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) from 1975 to
Special education (also known as special-needs education, aided education, alternative provision, exceptional student education, special ed., SDC, and SPED) is the practice of educating students in a way that accommodates their individual differences, disabilities, and special needs. This involves the individually planned and systematically ...
Special education in the United States enables students with exceptional learning needs to access resources through special education programs. "The idea of excluding students with any disability from public school education can be traced back to 1893, when the Massachusetts Supreme Court expelled a student merely due to poor academic ability". [1]
The Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) is a program of the United States Department of Education. [4] OSERS' official mission is "to provide leadership to achieve full integration and participation in society of people with disabilities by ensuring equal opportunity and access to, and excellence in, education, employment and community living."
In the United States "special needs" is a legal term applying in foster care, derived from the language in the Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997. It is a diagnosis used to classify children as needing more services than those children without special needs who are in the foster care system.
Children with Special Healthcare Needs (CSHCN) are defined by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau as: "Those who have one or more chronic physical, developmental, behavioral, or emotional conditions and who also require health and related services of a type or amount beyond that required by children generally" [ 1 ]
A study in the journal Child Development indicated that minority disabled children are more likely to receive punitive discipline in low and middle income countries. [146] Due to the fact that children with disabilities are mistreated more often than those without disability; racialized children in this category are at an even higher risk.