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In common usage, climate change describes global warming —the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system. Climate change in a broader sense also includes previous long-term changes to Earth's climate.
Climate change feedbacks are natural processes which impact how much global temperatures will increase for a given amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Positive feedbacks amplify global warming while negative feedbacks diminish it. [ 2]: 2233 Feedbacks influence both the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and the amount of temperature ...
Lower half focuses on Europe and Asia [1] This article is a list of locations and entities by greenhouse gas emissions, i.e. the greenhouse gas emissions from companies, activities, and countries on Earth which cause climate change. The relevant greenhouse gases are mainly: Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide and the fluorinated gases [2 ...
The Kyoto Protocol ( Japanese: 京都議定書, Hepburn: Kyōto Giteisho) was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, based on the scientific consensus that global warming is occurring and that human-made CO 2 ...
As of 2021 the remaining carbon budget for a 50-50 chance of staying below 1.5 degrees of warming is 460 bn tonnes of CO 2 or 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 years at 2020 emission rates. [11] Global average greenhouse gas per person per year in the late 2010s was about 7 tonnes [12] – including 0.7 tonnes CO 2 eq food, 1.1 tonnes from the home, and 0.8 tonnes from transport. [13]
A 2019 review of scientific papers found the consensus on the cause of climate change to be at 100%, [ 6] and a 2021 study concluded that over 99% of scientific papers agree on the human cause of climate change. [ 7] The small percentage of papers that disagreed with the consensus often contained errors or could not be replicated.
This has led to increases in mean global temperature, or global warming. The likely range of human-induced surface-level air warming by 2010–2019 compared to levels in 1850–1900 is 0.8 °C to 1.3 °C, with a best estimate of 1.07 °C. This is close to the observed overall warming during that time of 0.9 °C to 1.2 °C.
Climate restoration is the climate change [ 2] goal and associated actions to restore CO 2 to levels humans have actually survived long-term, below 300 ppm. This would restore the Earth system [ 3] generally to a safe state, for the well-being of future generations of humanity and nature. Actions include carbon dioxide removal from the Carbon ...