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Definitions of whiteness in the United States. The legal and social strictures that define White Americans, and distinguish them from persons who are not considered white by the government and society, have varied throughout the history of the United States. Race is defined as a social and political category within society based on hierarchy.
Whiteness theory is a field under whiteness studies, that studies what white identity means in terms of social, political, racial, economic, culture, etc. [1] Whiteness theory posits that if some Western societies make whiteness central to their respective national and cultural identities, their white populations may become blind to the privilege associated with White identity.
Definition. White privilege is a social phenomenon intertwined with race and racism. [ 1] The American Anthropological Association states that, "The 'racial' worldview was invented to assign some groups to perpetual low status, while others were permitted access to privilege, power, and wealth." [ 19]
Whiteness studies. Whiteness studies is the study of the structures that produce white privilege, [ 1] the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism, [ 2] and the exploration of other social phenomena generated by the societal compositions, perceptions and group behaviors of white ...
Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess. [ 1][ 2] Such social value includes respect, honor, assumed competence, and deference. [ 3] On one hand, social scientists view status as a "reward" for group members who treat others well and take initiative. [ 4] This is one explanation for its apparent ...
The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in the 16th century from the Old French rasse (1512), from Italian razza: the Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest example around the mid-16th century and defines its early meaning as a "group of people belonging to the same family and descended from a common ...
White backlash, also known as white rage [1] [2] or whitelash, is related to the politics of white grievance, and is the negative response of some white people to the racial progress of other ethnic groups in rights and economic opportunities, as well as their growing cultural parity, political self-determination, or dominance. [citation needed ...
White Americans were commonly viewed as feeling superior to African Americans, harboring hatred for Blacks, being brutish, impulsive, or mean, having a sense of pride, and anti-Semitic beliefs. [11] In another study on stereotypes in 1951, Cothran observed that the black lower and upper classes at that time had the least favorable stereotypes ...