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There are many conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorder such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy . In medicine, comorbidity is the presence of one or more additional conditions co-occurring with the primary one, or the effect of such additional disorders. About 10–15% of autism cases have an identifiable Mendelian ...
Fragile X syndrome ( FXS) is a genetic disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability. [1] The average IQ in males with FXS is under 55, while about two thirds of affected females are intellectually disabled. [3] [4] Physical features may include a long and narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers, and large testicles. [1]
Heritability of autism. The heritability of autism is the proportion of differences in expression of autism that can be explained by genetic variation; if the heritability of a condition is high, then the condition is considered to be primarily genetic. Autism has a strong genetic basis. Although the genetics of autism are complex, autism ...
16p11.2 deletion syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by microdeletion on the short arm of chromosome 16. Most affected individuals experience global developmental delay and intellectual disability, as well as childhood-onset obesity. [1] 16p11.2 deletion is estimated to account for approximately 1% of autism spectrum disorder cases.
The pathophysiology of autism is the study of the physiological processes that cause or are otherwise associated with autism spectrum disorders . Autism's symptoms result from maturation-related changes in various systems of the brain. [1] How autism occurs is not yet well understood. Its mechanism can be divided into two areas: the ...
Genetic factors may be the most significant cause of autism. Early studies of twins had estimated heritability to be over 90%, meaning that genetics explains over 90% of whether a child will develop autism. [1] This may be an overestimation, as later twin studies estimate the heritability at between 60 and 90%.
Epigenetics of autism. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a variety of conditions typically identified by challenges with social skills, communication, speech, and repetitive sensory-motor behaviors. The 11th International Classification of Diseases ( ICD-11 ), released in January 2021, characterizes ASD by the associated deficits in the ...
Autism, also called autism spectrum disorder [a] (ASD) or autism spectrum condition (ASC), [10] is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of deficient reciprocal social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive and inflexible patterns of behavior that are impairing in multiple contexts and excessive or atypical to be developmentally and socioculturally ...