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Deposition (geology) Map of Cape Cod showing shores undergoing erosion (cliffed sections) in yellow, and shores characterized by marine deposition (barriers) in blue. [ 1] Deposition is the geological process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a landform or landmass. Wind, ice, water, and gravity transport previously weathered ...
Diagenesis ( / ˌdaɪ.əˈdʒɛnəsɪs /) is the process that describes physical and chemical changes in sediments first caused by water-rock interactions, microbial activity, and compaction after their deposition. Increased pressure and temperature only start to play a role as sediments become buried much deeper in the Earth's crust. [ 1]
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. [ 1] Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the ...
Oceanography (from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós) ' ocean ' and γραφή (graphḗ) ' writing '), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science, is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and ...
Organic geochemistry, the study of the role of processes and compounds that are derived from living or once-living organisms. [ 13] Photogeochemistry is the study of light-induced chemical reactions that occur or may occur among natural components of the Earth's surface. [ 14]
Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') [ 1] is the scientific theory that Earth 's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago. [ 2][ 3][ 4] The model builds on the concept of continental ...
Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία ( -logía) 'study of, discourse') [ 1 ][ 2 ] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [ 3 ]
Astrobiology is an interdisciplinary field that uses a combination of geobiological and planetary science data to establish a context for the search for life on other planets. The origin of life from non-living chemistry and geology, or abiogenesis, is a major topic in astrobiology. Even though it is fundamentally an earth-bound concern, and ...