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Diabetes medication. Drugs used in diabetes treat diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin, most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide, exenatide, and others), and pramlintide, all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic ...
[15] [29] Metformin is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, [30] and is the most widely used medication for diabetes taken by mouth. [28] It is available as a generic medication. [15] In 2021, it was the second most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 91 million prescriptions. [31] [32]
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ( AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar ). Carbohydrates are normally converted into simple sugars ( monosaccharides) by alpha-glucosidase enzymes present on cells lining ...
Victoza, chemically known as liraglutide, is a once-daily injection approved for use in adults and children aged 10 or older with type 2 diabetes. The drug brought in annual sales of $1.66 billion ...
Semaglutide is an antidiabetic medication used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and an anti-obesity medication used for long-term weight management. [19] [20] [21] It is a peptide similar to the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), modified with a side chain. [22] [23] It can be administered by subcutaneous injection or taken orally.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 ( DPP-4 inhibitors or gliptins) are a class of oral hypoglycemics that block the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). They can be used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2 . The first agent of the class – sitagliptin – was approved by the FDA in 2006.
Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [ 10][ 11] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [ 12] Classic symptoms include thirst, polyuria ...
Insulin was first used as a medication in Canada by Charles Best and Frederick Banting in 1922. [ 13][ 14] This is a chronology of key milestones in the history of the medical use of insulin. For more details on the discovery, extraction, purification, clinical use, and synthesis of insulin, see Insulin. 1921 Research on the role of pancreas in ...